If you’ve ever wondered why Arequipa is called the “White City,” the answer lies deep within its land: sillar. This volcanic stone not only forms the skeleton of its churches and mansions but has also woven a fundamental part of Arequipa’s identity. Exploring the Sillar Route is much more than a stroll through quarries; it’s diving into centuries of tradition, art, and human effort. In this complete guide, you’ll discover what makes this route unique, how to navigate it, what experiences to enjoy, and why so many people, including myself, leave in awe after visiting.
Honestly, it excites me to think that each block of sillar tells a story. The feeling of walking between walls that have withstood earthquakes and centuries, watching master carvers in action, and feeling the white dust under the Arequipa sun… well, that’s not easily forgotten. Here’s everything you need to know to experience it for yourself.
What is the Sillar Route
History of sillar in Arequipa
Sillar is a volcanic rock, lightweight yet durable, formed from compacted ashes after the eruptions of the Chachani volcano. Since colonial times, the people of Arequipa have taken advantage of this abundant and easy-to-work material to build their homes, churches, and convents. I’ve noticed that many streets in the historic center seem to shine with a light of their own thanks to this material.
In my experience visiting these quarries, one truly understands why the Spanish and indigenous masters chose sillar: it was accessible, moldable, and resistant to frequent tremors. What started as a practical solution quickly became an architectural and cultural hallmark of the city.
Architectural and cultural significance
In my opinion, few cities in the world can boast such a homogeneous and distinctive aesthetic as Arequipa. Sillar not only beautifies colonial buildings; it represents a symbol of resilience and adaptability. In fact, as I understand it, UNESCO recognized the historic center of Arequipa as a World Heritage Site largely due to its sillar-based architecture.
What strikes me most is how the carving of sillar has become a living tradition. Current carvers maintain techniques passed down through generations, and their skill continues to bring new details to facades, gates, and even contemporary sculptures.
Traditional extraction process
The process of extracting sillar is almost an art. Quarry workers use hand tools like chisels and heavy hammers to separate large blocks from the mother rock. Then, with precise movements and a lot of patience, they shape each piece. It’s impossible not to feel respect when witnessing the physical work and empirical knowledge required for this labor.
I remember seeing in Añashuayco how a master carver cut the sillar as if it were butter, but I know that years of experience and strength lie behind that skill. Additionally, workers often start their day very early to take advantage of the cool hours before the sun beats down on the quarry.
Touring the quarries
Añashuayco quarry
The Añashuayco quarry is the most famous and visited on the Sillar Route. Located northeast of Arequipa, this quarry has been active for centuries and still supplies material to many local builders today. Walking between its towering walls feels like entering another world: one where time seems to have stopped.
What is certain is that here you can watch the quarry workers in action, hear their stories, and even try your hand at carving (if you’re brave enough). The hospitality of the workers is surprising; they are usually willing to share anecdotes and show how they choose the best blocks.
Carving and extraction techniques
Traditional techniques have changed little since colonial times. It starts with marking the block on the sillar wall; then, using mallets and special chisels, it is carefully detached to avoid unnecessary fractures. After that comes the finishing, where the visible faces are polished to give them that characteristic look.
I’ve seen how some guides allow visitors to take tools (under supervision) to experience this process. The sensation of striking the sillar and seeing it peel away in thin sheets is addictive… although I probably would never do it as well as the local experts.
Petroglyphs and rock art
Not many know that some walls of the quarries preserve ancient petroglyphs. These carvings depict human figures, animals, and symbols that likely date back to pre-Columbian times. It’s fascinating to think that these spaces were used long before as ritual sites or passageways for indigenous cultures.
Pre-Columbian petroglyphs visible on the inner walls of the Añashuayco quarry.
| Highlight | Main attraction |
| Añashuayco | Carvers in action and petroglyphs |
| Culebrillas | Natural formations and short hiking |
How to get to the Sillar Route
Location from the center of Arequipa
The Añashuayco quarry is located about 20 minutes from the historic center of Arequipa. If you’re starting from Main Square (Plaza de Armas), you should head to the Cerro Colorado district. There’s no way to get lost: just ask for “the sillar route,” and any taxi driver will know the way.
Access routes and transportation
You can reach the quarries by both public and private transport:
- Taxis or apps: Quick and convenient from any central point.
- City buses: Some lines get close (like line 18), although you’ll need to walk a few minutes from the nearest stop.
- Organized tours: Include pickup from central hotels and usually facilitate access.
Distances and travel time
| Starting point | Estimated time | Recommended transport |
| Main Square | 20-30 min | Taxi/organized tour |
| Rodríguez Ballón Airport | 35-40 min | Private taxi |
I personally recommend going early in the morning to avoid the intense midday heat and make the most of the light for taking spectacular photos.
Available tour options
Group and private tours
There are various local travel agencies that offer both group and private tours along the Sillar Route. Group tours are generally more economical and allow you to meet new people, while private tours offer greater scheduling flexibility and personalized attention. I’ve tried both formats, and each has its charm depending on whether you’re going solo, as a couple, or with family.
Activities included in the tour
- Live demonstrations of traditional carving.
- Guided walks through the main quarries.
- Explanations about local petroglyphs and rock art.
- Photo opportunities at unique viewpoints.
- (In some cases) Hands-on experience with tools under supervision.
Prices and duration of visits
Prices vary depending on the agency and type of tour:
- Group tours: Usually cost less and include transport, bilingual guide, and entrance fees (approximate prices between 30-50 soles per person).
- Private tours: Have a higher price but allow for personalized scheduling (from 80 soles onwards).
The average duration of the tour ranges from 2 to 4 hours, depending on whether you only visit Añashuayco or include other nearby quarries like Culebrillas.
Best time to visit
Although the Sillar Route can be visited year-round thanks to Arequipa’s mild climate, the most pleasant months are probably between April and November, when there is less rain. The morning light enhances the colors of the sillar: if you’re a photography enthusiast, trust me, those golden hours are unmissable.
What to bring and recommendations
- Comfortable shoes: The terrain can be uneven or dusty.
- Sunglasses and sunscreen: The reflection from the sillar increases the heat sensation.
- Plenty of water: There aren’t many stores nearby to buy drinks.
- Camera or smartphone: The views are worth remembering.
- Light backpack: To carry your things without too much weight.
Services available on the route
- Tourist information points at the start of the main route.
- Basic public restrooms near the main entrance.
- Informal stalls where you can buy drinks or simple snacks (not always available).
- Designated areas for short breaks during the walk.
Frequently asked questions about the Sillar Route
- Is the visit safe?
Yes, the routes are enabled for tourists and are usually monitored by guides or local staff. As always, it’s advisable to go with someone or in a group. - Can I go with children?
Of course, although it’s wise to be cautious near elevated areas or exposed tools. Some tours offer educational activities for kids. - Can I buy crafts?
Sometimes you’ll find small pieces carved by the carvers themselves: from keychains to miniature replicas. However, it largely depends on the day and foot traffic. - Is access suitable for people with reduced mobility?
Some parts are accessible, but others may have uneven terrain; it’s best to check with your agency or tour operator beforehand. - Is it very hot?
In summer, it can feel intensely hot due to the reflection from the white sillar; always wear a hat or cap when you can.
I can’t recommend enough that you experience this at least once: you’ll feel not only the history beneath your feet but also the living heartbeat of Arequipa. If you want to book a tour or need personalized suggestions, always consult authorized local agencies or ask at your accommodation; this way, your visit will be even more special and safe.
Don’t forget to take away more than just photos: take with you the respect for a tradition that remains alive thanks to the daily efforts of Arequipa’s carvers. I assure you, you’ll return home seeing every white wall with new eyes.