If you are planning to visit Cusco and are interested in learning about how the Incas worked the land and water, the Tipón Archaeological Park is an excellent option for you. This site, located just a few kilometers from the city of Cusco, showcases the hydraulic and agricultural engineering of the Incas.
Tipón offers a visual tour of a system of terraces and water channels in perfect condition, as well as revealing ceremonial and architectural aspects of Inca culture. With Machu Picchu Wayna, we will provide you with all the details about Tipón, from its historical significance to tips for planning your visit.
History of the Tipón Archaeological Park
Like other important Inca sites, Tipón was previously occupied by civilizations such as the Ayamarcas and the Wari. According to historical accounts, this place was the home of the Inca ruler Yahuar Huacac, and it was his son, Wiracocha, who built the main canals and walls in the 15th century.
Unlike other sites, Tipón’s constructions were not damaged during the Spanish invasion in the 16th century, which has allowed much of its original design to be preserved. Even after more than 600 years, its channels still carry water with precision, which led American engineer Kenneth Wright to classify it as a “Marvel of Civil Engineering”.
Today, Tipón stands out as one of the most visited archaeological sites in Cusco and is part of the ‘South Valley’ tour, along with Pikillaqta and the Church of Andahuaylillas.
This site is an example of how the Incas used their advanced knowledge to create complex irrigation and agricultural terrace systems. Beyond its practical function, Tipón also had a spiritual meaning, as water was considered sacred by the Incas. In Tipón, it flows through fountains and canals with remarkable precision and symmetry.
Main Features of the Site
The main characteristics of Tipón are its terraces, fountains, and water channels, which are still functioning today. Visitors can observe how water flows continuously and in a controlled manner through the channels, irrigating the different terraces.
In addition to its hydraulic engineering, the site features ceremonial structures, such as the Intihuatana, which served as a place of worship for the sun and nature. The viewpoints in the park also offer panoramic views of the valley and the Andean landscape.
Location and How to Get to Tipón
The district of Tipón is located approximately 24 kilometers southeast of Cusco. The archaeological site is about 3 kilometers further, in the district of Oropesa, specifically in the community of Choquepata. The site is situated at an altitude of 3,560 meters above sea level.
Due to its proximity to Cusco, getting to Tipón is very easy.
Location and Routes from Cusco
Tipón is located in Cusco’s South Valley, about 24 kilometers southeast of the city, in the district of Oropesa. To reach Tipón from Cusco, you have several options:
- Public Transportation: From downtown Cusco, you can take a bus to Oropesa and then a taxi or motorcycle taxi to the archaeological site. This is an economical option and allows you to visit other points of interest in the South Valley.
- Organized Tour: Several tour agencies offer half-day or full-day tours to Tipón, which usually include transportation, a guide, and stops at other nearby sites such as Pikillaqta, the Church of Andahuaylillas, and Huacarpay Lagoon. If you prefer, we can help you organize your trip to this destination.
- Private Transportation: If you prefer flexibility, you can hire a taxi or rent a car to get to Tipón.
Attractions of the Tipón Archaeological Park
This archaeological park offers several interesting attractions for your visit. Some of the most noteworthy ones include:
The Royal Enclosures
These are the most important constructions in the complex, believed to have been built by order of Wiracocha in memory of his father. These structures include fountains, water channels, and gardens.
The Terraces and Canals
This is a testament to the Incas’ supremacy in hydraulic engineering. The varied levels of the terraces may have been used for agricultural experimentation. Despite the passage of time, these constructions remain in excellent condition.
The Intihuatana
The Intihuatana, which translates to “altar of the sun”, is located on a hill. This solar sanctuary consists of structures with trapezoidal windows, which facilitated viewing the archaeological site and absorbing sunlight.
Minor Enclosures
These are simpler structures, built with stone and adobe, possibly designed for individuals of lower social status compared to the royal buildings.
The Viewpoint or Cruzmoqo
This site, known as “Summit with a Cross,” is located in the northern part of the archaeological area. From its height, you can enjoy a complete view of Cusco.
The Wall
These large structures were built to protect the site from potential attacks by rival communities.
Tips for Visiting Tipón
To make your visit pleasant, consider the following recommendations:
Best Time of the Year to Visit
The best time to visit Tipón is during the dry season, from May to September, when the weather is more stable and there is less rainfall. During these months, the paths are in better condition, and the water flow in the canals is constant.
The rainy season, from October to April, may cause slippery paths and reduced visibility at the site.
Opening Hours and Entry Fees
The Tipón Archaeological Park is open daily from 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
To visit Tipón, you need the “Cusco Tourist Ticket – Circuit 2”, which includes entry to various sites such as Tipón, Pikillaqta, the Monument to Inca Pachacutec, the Qosqo Center of Native Art, the Coricancha Site Museum, the Museum of Popular Art, the Regional History Museum, and the Contemporary Art Museum. The ticket costs approximately $19.00 USD.
Recommendations for a Safe Visit
- Acclimate before visiting: Since Tipón is at high altitude, it is recommended to spend time in Cusco first to avoid altitude sickness.
- Wear comfortable clothing and shoes: The site has dirt and stone paths, so it is best to wear trekking shoes and light clothing.
- Bring water and snacks: Although the tour is not very long, it is important to stay hydrated, especially in hot weather.
- Respect the site: Remember that Tipón is a sacred place and a cultural heritage. Avoid damaging the structures and follow the designated paths.
