Visiting San Martín Square in Lima is diving into the historical and social heart of the Peruvian capital. This iconic square is not only one of the most beautiful spaces in the city but has also witnessed crucial moments in Peru’s history. It’s impossible to walk through its gardens, surrounded by majestic republican buildings, without feeling the vibration of the events that have shaped the country. In my experience, strolling through the square at sunset, when the light bathes the porticos and the central monument, is one of those sensations that stays etched in your memory forever.
If you’re looking to discover the past, architecture, and best-kept secrets of San Martín Square, here’s a complete guide designed to answer the most common questions: what history does this space hold?, what to see and how to get there? Additionally, I share practical tips and personal experiences to help you make the most of your visit. Honestly, I get excited thinking about the unique energy this place radiates every time I visit.
History of San Martín Square
Historical background: what was here before the square
Before becoming one of Lima’s urban icons, the land where San Martín Square is located had a very different use. If I’m not mistaken, during colonial times, part of the San Juan de Dios Hospital and some private residences were situated here. I’ve read that there was even a train station called Desamparados Sur and, later, some popular shops.
With the city’s growth and the desire to modernize the historic center during the republican boom, authorities decided to transform this space into a grand monumental square. Thus, at the beginning of the 20th century, its construction was planned as a symbol of Lima’s progress.
Construction and responsible architects
San Martín Square was officially inaugurated on July 27, 1921, as part of the celebrations for the first centenary of Peruvian independence. The idea was to create a space that honored the liberator José de San Martín and reflected the modern and cosmopolitan spirit that Lima wanted to project at that time.
The main design was led by Spanish architect Manuel Piqueras Cotolí, who envisioned an elegant and symmetrical square in the European style. However, several Peruvian and foreign architects collaborated on the various buildings surrounding the square, contributing neoclassical and art deco styles that give it that unique atmosphere.
Monument to San Martín: creator and features
In the center of the square stands the imposing Monument to the Liberator José de San Martín, created by Spanish sculptor Mariano Benlliure. This equestrian statue is much more than a mere decoration: it represents the emancipatory spirit and national gratitude toward the one who proclaimed Peru’s independence.
What catches my attention the most is the urban legend surrounding San Martín’s crown. It is said that Benlliure interpreted literally the request for a “flame” over the hero’s head and placed a small Andean flame instead of blazing flames. It’s a funny anecdote that shows how details can take on a life of their own.
The Monument to San Martín is the symbolic heart of the square, surrounded by gardens and pedestrian paths.
What to see in San Martín Square
Monument to the Liberator José de San Martín
There’s no way to overlook this impressive equestrian sculpture located right at the central axis. In my opinion, observing it from different angles allows you to understand the respect with which it was conceived. The pedestal is decorated with reliefs depicting key scenes from Peruvian independence.
- Equestrian statue cast in bronze
- Bas-relief with allegorical figures
- Andean flame on the helmet (a curious detail)
Republican architecture of the surrounding buildings
Surrounding the square are some of the best examples of republican architecture in Lima. Each building has its own story and personality. Notable structures include the Colón Theater, the old Cine Metro, and several shopping galleries with white facades and wrought iron balconies.
I’ve noticed that many visitors are surprised by the ornamental details: Corinthian columns, elegant arches, and mansard roofs. Strolling under these porticos feels like traveling to another era, especially when night falls and the lights enhance their shapes.
| Iconic building | Approximate year |
|---|---|
| Hotel Bolívar | 1924 |
| Colón Theater | 1914 |
| Cine Metro | 1930 |
Hotel Bolívar
The Gran Hotel Bolívar is one of the most iconic buildings not only for its history but also for the celebrities who have visited it. It was inaugurated shortly after the square, in 1924, as a symbol of Lima’s luxury. Personally, entering its lobby makes me feel like I’ve stepped back several decades: art deco lamps, gigantic mirrors, and an elegant yet relaxed atmosphere.
- Pioneer in offering hot water and elevators in Lima
- Favorite spot to try the famous Pisco Sour cocktail
- Host of historic and cultural events
Hotel Bolívar has hosted artists like Ava Gardner and John Wayne during their visits to Peru.
Services and facilities
Parking near San Martín Square
Although arriving by car can be complicated due to Lima’s central traffic, there are nearby options for parking. There are private lots on Jirón Carabaya and Jirón Lampa, just a few minutes’ walk away. In my experience, it’s best to arrive early or consider local apps to reserve a spot because it tends to fill up quickly.
Public transportation and accessibility
San Martín Square is a nerve center of Lima’s public transportation. Major urban bus routes (blue and red corridors) pass through here, along with the Metropolitano (Colmena Station is just a few blocks away). If you’re a foreign visitor or not used to local public transport, I recommend always asking for the most direct routes; Lima residents are usually friendly in guiding tourists.
- Urban buses with stops on Nicolás de Piérola and Colmena avenues
- Metropolitano (Colmena Station)
- Authorized taxis available in the vicinity
How to get to San Martín Square
Reaching this iconic space is easy from almost any point in the historic center. If you’re in Miraflores or Barranco, you can take a direct bus via the Vía Expresa to Nicolás de Piérola. From there, it’s just a few minutes’ walk. For those coming from Jorge Chávez Airport, the most practical option is usually an authorized taxi or services like Airport Express to the center.
- Take the blue or red bus corridors depending on your location
- Get off at the Colmena stop or nearby
- Follow the signs to San Martín Square (everything is well signposted)
Strolling around at noon allows you to appreciate both its daily movement and the architectural details under full sunlight.
Frequently asked questions about San Martín Square
- Is it safe to visit the square?
During the day, it tends to be very busy and safe due to police presence. At night, it’s wise to be cautious as in any large city. - Are there guided tours?
Yes, there are free and private tours that start from here to explore the entire historic center. - Is it accessible for people with reduced mobility?
The square has ramps and wide sidewalks; however, some older buildings may have stairs without elevators. - Can events or demonstrations be held here?
Due to its political and social history, it is a common spot for public gatherings (always regulated by municipal authorities). - What other attractions are nearby?
Just a few minutes away are the Main Square, colonial churches like La Merced, and important museums like the Metropolitan Museum.
There’s no doubt: getting to know San Martín Square is an essential experience for anyone wanting to understand Lima from its republican roots to its vibrant present. If you’re planning to visit soon, I recommend taking your time, letting yourself be carried away by its stories, and maybe even trying a Pisco Sour at the Bolívar… who knows, you might be surprised by stumbling upon a spontaneous cultural event or simply enjoying the everyday buzz of Lima under its porticos. Embrace the experience!