If you have ever felt curious about the historic heart of Lima, the Main Square (Plaza de Armas) is undoubtedly where it all begins. This space is not only the starting point for understanding Peru’s history but also a vibrant square, filled with impressive architecture, traditions that endure through the years, and that lively atmosphere that only places with soul possess. In my experience, walking through the Main Square is like opening a giant book where every corner tells an essential chapter of the city.
Whether you’re looking to immerse yourself in its colonial past, admire iconic monuments, or simply enjoy the bustling life of Lima, this guide will accompany you through every corner, showing you what to see, what to do, and how to make the most of your visit. Here you will find practical tips, interesting facts, and recommendations based on what really works for locals and travelers alike. So get ready: I’ll share everything you need to know to discover the Main Square (Plaza de Armas) like a true connoisseur.
History of the Main Square (Plaza de Armas)
The Main Square (Plaza de Armas) of Lima was born alongside the city when Francisco Pizarro founded Lima in 1535. According to historical accounts, it was the conqueror himself who chose this location as the political, social, and religious epicenter. Since then, the square has witnessed proclamations, uprisings, and celebrations that have shaped the country’s course.
I have noticed that many visitors are surprised to discover that decisive events occurred here, such as the proclamation of Peru’s independence in 1821. Furthermore, much of the colonial urban layout is still evident in the buildings surrounding the square. What strikes me most is how the facades have maintained that characteristic viceroyal style, blending elegance with living history.
Today, walking through the Main Square is to feel the weight of time and understand why it remains the symbolic heart not only of Lima but of all of Peru.
Main Square vs. Plaza Mayor: differences and official name
You may have heard both names: Main Square and Plaza Mayor. In my opinion, this often creates confusion among those visiting Lima for the first time. While some official documents refer to it as “Plaza Mayor,” the popular name is Main Square (Plaza de Armas).
The difference mainly lies in the traditional use of the term. In several Spanish-speaking cities, “Plaza Mayor” is the formal name for the main square; whereas “Plaza de Armas” refers to its historical function as a central military and administrative space. In Lima, both names are accepted and are often used interchangeably.
The truth is, no matter whom you ask about the area—be it a lifelong Limeño or a tour guide—they will point you to the same place: the historic core where it all began.
What to see in the Main Square: main attractions
The Main Square is surrounded by some of the most emblematic buildings in Lima. I’m excited to think that within just a few meters, you can admire centuries of history and unique architecture. Here are the must-see attractions:
Government Palace
On the north side of the square stands the Government Palace, the official residence of the President of Peru. Its current facade is in the French neobaroque style and dates back to the 20th century, although its foundations date back to the founding era. It’s impossible not to feel respect when contemplating this building filled with political and historical symbolism.
A fun detail: if you approach the main gates at noon (and are lucky), you might witness the famous changing of the guard.
Lima Cathedral
Located to the east, Lima Cathedral is one of the most important Catholic temples in the country. Its original construction began shortly after the city was founded and has undergone numerous renovations due to earthquakes and architectural changes. Inside, the remains of Francisco Pizarro himself rest.
In my experience, it’s definitely worth visiting its religious museum and admiring the baroque altarpieces and colonial art.
Archbishop’s Palace
To the right of the cathedral is the Archbishop’s Palace, famous for its carved wooden balconies and elegant neocolonial facade. It currently houses ecclesiastical offices and the Archbishop’s Palace Museum, featuring sacred and historical pieces.
If you love religious art or are simply interested in unique architectural details, this site is a must-see.
Portal de Escribanos
On the west side, you’ll find the Portals, with the Portal de Escribanos being one of the most photographed. These arcades date back to the 16th century and for centuries housed shops, notaries, and public scribes who certified legal contracts and important documents.
Today, under the arches, you’ll find traditional cafés where you can sit and enjoy a privileged view.
Bronze fountain
In the very center of the square stands a beautiful octagonal bronze fountain built in 1651. This fountain has survived earthquakes and even looting, becoming a permanent symbol of downtown Lima.
No tourist (or local) can resist taking a photo next to it; it’s a sort of Lima ritual.
| Attraction | Brief description |
|---|---|
| Government Palace | Presidential headquarters; daily changing of the guard |
| Lima Cathedral | Monumental church; religious museum |
| Archbishop’s Palace | Ecclesiastical museum and colonial balconies |
| Portal de Escribanos | Classic cafés under historic arches |
| Bronze fountain | Symbolic fountain of the historic center |
What to do in the Main Square and surroundings
The truth is, getting bored here is almost impossible. Beyond the traditional stroll, there are unique experiences I recommend living at least once:
Free tours of the Main Square
Almost every day, free tours depart from the square (especially in the mornings). These tours usually last between 2 to 3 hours and include explanations about the historic buildings, local anecdotes, and even quick tastings. As far as I understand, you just need to leave a voluntary tip at the end.
Changing of the guard at the Government Palace
One of the most striking spectacles is the solemn changing of the guard in front of the Government Palace. It happens around noon and gathers both tourists and curious Limeños. The military precision and festive atmosphere make it an event worth seeing at least once.
Visit to the Archbishop’s Palace Museum
Not everyone knows that inside the Archbishop’s Palace lies a small museum with religious and historical collections. I think it’s a good alternative for those looking for something different and less crowded than other museums in Lima.
- Attend free outdoor concerts (especially during national holidays)
- Enjoy spontaneous artistic performances around the square
- Stroll through nearby pedestrian streets like Jirón Ucayali or Jirón Carabaya
Where to eat and drink near the Main Square
If you’re like me and enjoy discovering new flavors every time you travel, there are options for every taste around the square. From historic cafés under the porticos to restaurants with authentic Creole menus.
- Café del Portal: A Lima classic with a direct view of the square; ideal for trying traditional sandwiches.
- Tanta: A contemporary restaurant where you can order revamped Peruvian dishes (just steps away on Jirón Carabaya).
- Cevichería El Cordano: Very close to the Government Palace; perfect for lunch like a local.
- Café Haiti: Famous for its brewed coffee and typical Lima desserts.
- Street vendors selling picarones: You can’t leave without trying these fried sweets sold from carts next to the fountain.
Practical tips for visiting the Main Square
Here are some useful tips based on my own experiences and local recommendations:
Best time to visit
Early in the morning (before 10 a.m.) or at sunset, you’ll encounter fewer people and better lighting for photos. If you’re interested in the changing of the guard, plan to arrive before noon.
How to get to the Main Square
- Metropolitano: Get off at Jirón de la Unión Station and walk a few blocks east.
- Public buses: Several lines stop nearby; ask for “Centro Histórico” stops.
- Taxis or apps: Ideal if you’re traveling from districts like Miraflores or Barranco; always check fares beforehand.
- Bicycle: There are bike lanes nearby, but be cautious of traffic during peak hours.
Safety recommendations
- Carry only what you need; watch your bags and cameras, especially in crowds.
- Do not exchange money on the street or accept unauthorized tourist services.
- Ensure your belongings are always in sight (better to use small backpacks in front).
- Ask for information only from tourist police or identified personnel.
- Avoid deserted streets after dark if you’re not familiar with the area.
Photographic gallery of the Main Square
Here are some iconic images to inspire you before (or after!) your visit:
Frequently asked questions about the Main Square (Plaza de Armas) of Lima
- Can you enter the Government Palace?
Only guided visits scheduled in advance or during special public events are allowed. - Are there public restrooms nearby?
Yes, there are municipal restrooms near the Chirimoya Portal, and some cafés allow use for customers. - Is it accessible for people with reduced mobility?
Generally, yes; the main sidewalks are wide, although some nearby streets present unevenness or old cobblestones. - Can you take photos freely?
Of course; just remember to respect indications inside religious or government buildings. - Are there special activities on Sundays?
Solemn masses are usually organized in the cathedral, occasional artisan fairs, and spontaneous cultural performances.
It doesn’t matter if you’re visiting for the first time or if you’re already a fan of the historic center: visiting the Main Square always has something new to offer you. If you want to immerse yourself even more in its unique atmosphere, I invite you to stroll leisurely, chat with locals, and let yourself be surprised by every detail hidden among its century-old stones. Are you ready to discover it?