Machu Picchu, one of the wonders of the world, is not only famous for its impressive architecture and mysterious history but also for the advanced engineering the Incas implemented to support their society. One of the most fascinating features of the archaeological site is the agricultural terraces—precisely designed structures used for farming and stabilizing the terrain. In this comprehensive guide, we explore the history, function, and curiosities of these terraces that continue to astonish us with their complexity and purpose.
The Importance of Agricultural Terraces in Machu Picchu
What Are Agricultural Terraces?
Agricultural terraces are step-like structures built into the slopes of mountains to allow farming on steep terrain. These iconic Andean constructions not only served an agricultural purpose but also helped prevent soil erosion and efficiently managed rainwater.
In Machu Picchu, the terraces stand as proof of the Incas’ ability to adapt to and maximize their natural environment. These structures supported essential crops like corn and potatoes and reflected a deep spiritual connection to nature.
Their Role in Inca Agriculture and Engineering
In Inca society, agriculture was the foundation of the economy and survival. The terraces expanded cultivable land in hard-to-reach areas, ensuring a stable food supply for local communities. They also functioned as a hydraulic control system, channeling and storing water to prevent flooding and keep the soil fertile year-round.
History and Construction of the Agricultural Terraces
The Purpose Behind the Agricultural Terraces
The terraces of Machu Picchu were more than just farmland—they were a complete solution for managing terrain and water. Each terrace was built with layers of rock, gravel, and soil to allow proper drainage and prevent landslides. These designs ensured that heavy rains would not wash away the mountains, protecting both infrastructure and crops.
Hydraulic and Structural Engineering of the Terraces
Inca engineers incorporated advanced irrigation and drainage systems into the terraces. Many included channels and aqueducts that evenly distributed water, making the most of limited water resources. This approach demonstrated deep knowledge of engineering and sustainability.
How the Terraces Supported the Inca Empire
The terraces weren’t limited to Machu Picchu—they were a common feature across the Inca Empire. They allowed the Incas to grow crops in various climates and altitudes, strengthening their ability to support large populations and feed armies during expansion and conquest.
Features and Function of the Agricultural Terraces
Design and Materials Used
Each terrace was built using a combination of rock, gravel, sand, and fertile soil. This layered design enabled efficient drainage and kept the soil aerated—ideal for crop growth. Additionally, the stone retaining walls not only held the weight of the soil but also created a harmonious aesthetic within the natural landscape.
How Terraces Maximized Agricultural Productivity
Thanks to their stepped design, terraces created microclimates favorable to different crops. The upper terraces, which received more sunlight, were ideal for crops like corn, while the lower terraces offered cooler and more humid conditions suitable for other plants.
Drainage and Water Management Systems
Water was a valuable resource at Machu Picchu, and the Incas implemented complex systems to manage it. The terraces included underground channels and small storage pools to ensure that each level received just the right amount of water without flooding.
Where to Find the Agricultural Terraces in Machu Picchu
Main Locations Within the Archaeological Site
The agricultural terraces of Machu Picchu are primarily located in the lower section of the archaeological site, near the main entrance. These terraces offer stunning views of the citadel and the Urubamba River and are a perfect place to observe how Inca engineering blended with the natural environment.
Notable Terraces You Shouldn’t Miss
Eastern Terraces Sector: Located on the eastern side of the site, these terraces are among the most expansive and well-preserved.
Ceremonial Terraces Zone: Beyond agriculture, some terraces were used for ritual activities, reflecting the spiritual and practical harmony in Inca culture.
Tips for Exploring the Agricultural Terraces
Wear comfortable, non-slip shoes, as paths can be steep and slippery.
Take your time walking along the terraces and appreciating the details of their construction.
Consider hiring a tour guide for deeper insight into the history and function of the terraces.
How to Visit the Agricultural Terraces at Machu Picchu
Recommended Tickets to Access the Terraces
The general admission ticket to Machu Picchu includes access to the agricultural terraces. If you plan to explore them in depth, consider a guided tour that focuses on the engineering and use of these structures.
Best Times to Explore the Terraces
The best times are early in the morning or late in the afternoon, when the natural light highlights the terrace features and there are fewer tourists. The dry season, from May to September, is ideal to avoid rain and enjoy clear views.
What to Bring for Your Visit
Layered clothing to adjust to temperature changes.
Sunscreen and a hat.
Water and light snacks.
A camera or smartphone to capture photos of the terraces.
Curiosities About the Agricultural Terraces of Machu Picchu
Interesting Facts About Inca Engineering
The terraces at Machu Picchu were designed to last for centuries thanks to their solid construction.
The Incas’ precision in aligning the terrace walls suggests advanced knowledge of geology.
Cultural and Tourism Impact of the Terraces
Today, the terraces are a symbol of Inca innovation and sustainability. They attract thousands of visitors each year, inspiring awe and respect for this ancient civilization.
Frequently Asked Questions About the Agricultural Terraces
When Is the Best Time to Visit the Terraces?
The best time is during the dry season, from May to September, when the weather is more stable and the terraces are at their most beautiful.
What Are the Best Routes to Explore the Terraces?
The standard route through Machu Picchu includes the main terrace areas. For a more personalized experience, consider a guided visit.
How Accessible Are the Terraces for All Ages?
The terraces are accessible for most visitors, but some paths may be challenging for people with limited mobility.
