Moray is an important archaeological site located in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, known for its circular terraces that stand out as an example of the Incas’ agricultural knowledge. This place reflects how this civilization efficiently used nature to develop advanced farming systems. Its structures not only have historical value but also demonstrate a deep understanding of microclimates.
Here at Machu Picchu Wayna, we will explore the most relevant aspects of Moray’s history, characteristics, and secrets so you can fully enjoy your visit.
Origin and Meaning of Moray
History and Development of Moray
The history and development of Moray are linked to the peak of the Inca Empire, between the 15th and 16th centuries, when this civilization reached a high level of agricultural knowledge and land management. These terraces functioned as an agricultural laboratory where the Incas experimented with different types of crops, taking advantage of the microclimatic variations generated by the depth and orientation of the terraces. This allowed them to adapt crops from other regions and optimize their production in various climatic conditions.
The terraces feature an efficient drainage system that prevents flooding, while the soils at each level were brought from different regions, suggesting a deep knowledge of soil properties. Additionally, the temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the complex, which can reach up to 15°C, was used to simulate climates at different altitudes.
Although its primary function seems to have been experimental, it is also believed that Moray had a ritual significance, possibly linked to the worship of Pachamama, as an expression of the Incas’ respect and reverence for nature. After the arrival of the Spanish, the site was abandoned and forgotten until its rediscovery in the 20th century. Today, Moray is an important archaeological and tourist destination, protected as Peruvian cultural heritage, and continues to be studied for its complexity and historical legacy.
Meaning of the Word Moray
The name “Moray” comes from Quechua, and its exact meaning is not entirely clear. One theory links it to “moraya,” a term referring to a food preservation process like chuño, related to agricultural practices. Another interpretation associates it with “muyu,” meaning “circle,” referring to the shape of its terraces. Some studies also suggest that it could derive from “Aymoray,” related to the corn harvest.
These theories highlight its connection to agriculture and Incan knowledge.
Location and How to Get to Moray
Where is Moray Located?
Moray is located in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, in Cusco. It sits at about 3,500 meters above sea level, near the town of Maras and approximately 50 kilometers northwest of Cusco. Its strategic position on an Andean plateau makes it a prominent site within the cultural and archaeological landscape of the region.
Routes and Options to Reach Moray
To get to Moray from Cusco, there are several options depending on your choice of transportation. Here are the main routes and alternatives:
Private Vehicle or Taxi Route
From Cusco, take the road to Urubamba and follow the signs to Maras. From Maras, continue along a secondary road to Moray. The trip takes approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes by car.
Public Transportation Route
You can take a bus from Cusco to Maras, stopping at the main road to Urubamba. From Maras, you must hire a taxi or walk approximately 6 kilometers to Moray.
Guided Tour
Many tour agencies in Cusco offer organized tours that include round-trip transportation to Moray, often combined with visits to other nearby destinations like the Maras Salt Mines. This option is ideal for those seeking convenience and informative guidance.
Bicycle Route
For adventure lovers, it’s possible to take a bike tour from Cusco or from an intermediate point like Chinchero or Maras. This route allows you to enjoy the Andean landscape and panoramic views of the Sacred Valley.
Regardless of the route you choose, it’s recommended to leave early to make the most of your time and enjoy the archaeological site without setbacks.
Importance and Characteristics of Moray’s Terraces
The terraces of Moray were essential for Incan agricultural development, serving as a laboratory where different microclimates and crops were tested. Their innovative design allowed the Incas to optimize agricultural production and adapt plants from various regions, contributing to the empire’s food sustainability. Additionally, they represent an example of harmony between scientific knowledge and respect for nature.
Characteristics of Moray’s Terraces
- Circular and concentric design, with levels descending toward the center.
- Temperature differences of up to 15°C between the top and bottom terraces.
- Advanced drainage systems that prevent flooding.
- Soils from different regions to promote crop diversity.
- Experimental function to study and optimize plant growth.
Why Are the Circular Terraces Important?
Moray’s circular terraces are important because they allowed the Incas to create microclimates to experiment with crops and adapt them to different climatic conditions, improving agricultural production. Their design reflects the Incas’ advanced knowledge in engineering and agriculture, contributing to the empire’s sustainability.
Each level has a temperature variation of up to 15°C, allowing the Incas to study how different crops responded to these conditions.
Microclimates in the Agricultural Terraces
Microclimates are generated due to variations in temperature, altitude, and depth between the circular terraces. These microclimates allowed the Incas to experiment with different crops, adapting them to various climatic conditions.
- Warm microclimate (upper terraces): These terraces receive more solar radiation and have warmer temperatures, simulating dry and warm climates, ideal for crops like corn, beans, and some fruits.
- Temperate microclimate (middle terraces): As you go down, temperatures become moderate. These terraces simulate a temperate climate, suitable for tubers, vegetables, and legumes.
- Cold microclimate (lower terraces): The lowest terraces have cooler temperatures due to their greater depth and less solar exposure. This microclimate simulates the cold conditions of the Andean highlands, making it ideal for crops like quinoa, barley, and potatoes.
Climate and Preparation for Visiting Moray
Weather Conditions in Moray
The climate in Moray is cold and dry. During the day, temperatures range between 15°C and 20°C, but at night they can drop to 5°C. The dry season (May to September) is ideal for visiting due to clear skies, while the rainy season (October to April) offers greener landscapes.
Essential Items for Your Visit
- Comfortable clothing and proper footwear: Wear light clothing for the day and warm layers for the evening, plus sturdy, comfortable shoes for walking on uneven terrain.
- Sun protection: Don’t forget sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat or cap to protect yourself from the sun.
- Water and snacks: Bring enough water to stay hydrated and light snacks for energy during the hike.
- Camera or mobile phone: To capture the beautiful landscapes and circular terraces.
- Cash: Make sure to carry cash, as many places don’t accept cards.
- Small backpack: To comfortably carry all your essentials during your visit.
6 Things You Didn’t Know About This Archaeological Site
The Purpose Behind the Microclimates in Moray
The purpose of Moray’s microclimates was to allow the Incas to experiment and adapt different crops to various climatic conditions. Each level of the structure creates a unique microclimate, with temperature variations from warmer areas at the top to cooler areas at the bottom.
Advanced Agricultural Techniques Used by the Incas
The Incas employed several advanced agricultural techniques that allowed them to optimize food production in a geographically diverse and challenging environment.
- Terraces or Agricultural Platforms: The use of terraces in the mountains to take advantage of different altitudes and microclimates, allowing for the cultivation of a variety of crops.
- Irrigation Systems: The development of canals and aqueducts to transport water to farming areas, especially in arid or high-altitude regions.
- Use of Natural Fertilizers: The use of guano and other organic fertilizers to enrich the soil and maintain its long-term fertility.
- Crop Rotation: The practice of cultivating different types of plants in the same area to prevent soil depletion.
- Seed Selection and Conservation: Choosing the best seeds from each harvest to ensure stronger and more resilient crops.
Moray’s Relationship with Other Inca Centers
Moray did not function in isolation; it was connected to other agricultural centers like Pisac and Tipón. This collaboration system ensured the exchange of knowledge and resources throughout the empire.
The Modern Discovery of Moray and Its Preservation
Moray was discovered in 1932 by Americans Robert Shippee and George Johnson, who explored it while conducting an aerial survey of the area. However, Moray was already known to locals long before it gained international attention. It was only through archaeological research that its importance was officially recognized.
The preservation of Moray has been a challenge due to its location and climatic factors. Restoration work has been carried out to reinforce the terraces and prevent their deterioration. The site is protected under cultural heritage laws, which regulate access and interventions. Additionally, tourism has been managed to prevent damage to the site, ensuring its conservation while allowing visitors to appreciate its historical value.
How the Terraces Influence Temperature and Humidity
Each level of the terraces has a specific temperature and retains moisture differently. This not only benefited agriculture but also contributed to climate studies.
Myths and Legends Associated with Moray
There are several popular myths and legends associated with Moray, although not all are supported by historical evidence. However, some local beliefs have been passed down through generations. Here are a few:
- Center of Magical Crops: One legend holds that Moray was a sacred place for the Incas, where agricultural rituals were performed to ensure abundant harvests. It is said that the terraces had magical properties that allowed the Incas to grow plants that could not thrive elsewhere in the Andes.
- The Place of Divine Trials: Some stories claim that Moray was not only an agricultural center but also a site for spiritual trials. It was believed that those who sought agricultural or divine wisdom had to undergo a series of tests on the terraces, which represented different aspects of the natural and spiritual world.
- A Gateway to the Underworld: Another popular legend suggests that Moray’s terraces are a kind of “gateway to the underworld” due to their circular arrangement, which was considered a symbol of the connection between the earthly and spiritual realms.
While these legends add to Moray’s mystery, the site’s primary function as an agricultural experimentation center has been well-documented through archaeological research.
