If you are planning to visit Cusco, one of the must-visit places is Coricancha, also known as the Temple of the Sun. This site stands out not only for its architectural beauty but also for the rich history and mystery that surrounds it.
Located in the heart of Cusco, Coricancha was the most important religious center of the Inca Empire. Today, its construction, fused with the colonial architecture that was later superimposed, tells a story of cultural fusion, beliefs, and ancestral knowledge.
With Machu Picchu Wayna, we will explore every corner of Coricancha, from its past and structure to its location, what to visit, and how to make the most of your trip to this beautiful archaeological site.
History of Coricancha
Coricancha was the sacred temple of the Inca Empire, dedicated to the Sun God (Inti). Built during the reign of Pachacuti in the 15th century, it represented the peak of Inca architecture. Its walls were covered in gold sheets, and inside, it housed ceremonial gardens and figures made of gold and silver, reflecting the wealth and power of the Tahuantinsuyo. This temple was not only a religious site but also a political and social center where important decisions were made.
With the arrival of the Spanish conquerors in the 16th century, Coricancha was looted, and most of its treasures were melted down and sent to Spain. On its foundations, the Spaniards built the Church and Convent of Santo Domingo, symbolizing the imposition of Christianity over Andean religion. However, the Inca structures, known for their perfection and resilience, were partially preserved and serve as evidence of the cultural syncretism that shaped the region.
Today, Coricancha is a symbol of Andean cultural resistance and an important archaeological site. Its original walls and the combination of Inca and colonial architecture make it a place that attracts tourists and researchers alike. This temple reflects the grandeur of the Inca Empire and the transformations that occurred after the conquest, keeping the memory of Andean culture alive in Peruvian identity.
Who were the first to build the “Coricancha”?
The first to build Coricancha were the Incas, under the leadership of Inca Pachacuti, one of the greatest rulers of the Inca Empire. According to historians and chroniclers, its construction began in the 15th century when Pachacuti decided to remodel and expand Cusco, transforming it into the capital of the Tahuantinsuyo.
Coricancha was designed as a temple dedicated to the Sun God, becoming the most important religious center of the empire. The original structure was built using advanced Inca architectural techniques, featuring perfectly carved stones assembled without mortar, a hallmark of Inca construction.
Before Pachacuti, simpler constructions dedicated to other Andean deities may have existed on the site, but it was he who elevated it to its maximum splendor, consolidating it as the Temple of the Sun and covering its walls with gold sheets, symbolizing divine connection and the empire’s opulence.
What does Coricancha mean?
The term “Coricancha” comes from Quechua and translates to “golden enclosure” or “temple of gold”. The name refers to the temple’s walls, which were coated with pure gold plates—a sacred metal for the Incas, representing the Sun and divinity. These plates were dismantled by the Spanish colonizers, who took the gold to Spain.
Architecture of Coricancha
The architecture of Coricancha is an outstanding example of Inca engineering and design, combining technical precision and religious symbolism. Dedicated to the Sun God, the temple represented the peak of Inca architecture and its religious and political significance.
- Inca construction techniques: Built with precisely carved stone blocks assembled without mortar, the structure demonstrated high earthquake resistance, surprising even modern engineers.
- Symbolic use of space: The different areas of the temple were dedicated to deities like the Sun, Moon, Stars, and Rainbow, reflecting the spiritual connection with the universe.
- Gold-covered walls and solar symbolism: The temple’s walls were coated in gold plates, and inside, ceremonial gardens with gold and silver elements represented different sacred symbols.
- Interior structures and astronomical alignment: The temple’s orientation corresponded with astronomical events like solstices and equinoxes, reinforcing its role as a ceremonial center linked to natural cycles.
- Transformation after the conquest: The Spanish looted the temple and built the Church and Convent of Santo Domingo over its foundations. However, the original Inca foundations and walls remain as an emblem of the Inca Empire’s architectural and spiritual excellence.
Location of Coricancha
Coricancha is located in the center of Cusco, just a few minutes’ walk from the Plaza de Armas, making it easily accessible for visitors.
How to get there?
To reach Coricancha from anywhere in Cusco, you can take a walking tour if you are near the city center. Alternatively, you can take a taxi, as the site is well-known and well-marked. The entrance to Coricancha is easy to find, and the site has proper signage for tourists.
Attractions of Coricancha
Coricancha features multiple temples and structures that honor different deities and aspects of the Andean worldview. Each space has a unique purpose and symbolism, making the visit an enriching experience.
The Temple of the Sun
This is the central temple of Coricancha, dedicated to Inti, the Sun God. This site was where the Incas worshipped their most important deity. During ceremonies, sunlight would pass through the temple’s windows and illuminate the golden walls, creating a dazzling spectacle.
The Temple of the Moon
Dedicated to the moon, or Mama Killa in Quechua, this was a fundamental worship space, especially for rituals related to agriculture and fertility. The structures and reliefs of this temple reflect the moon’s importance in Incan mythology.
The Temple of Venus and the Stars
This temple was dedicated to Venus and the stars, which played a crucial role in the Incan worldview. The Incas closely observed the movements of these celestial bodies, believing they influenced daily life and agricultural activities.
The Temple of Illapa or Chuki Illapa
Illapa, also known as Chuki Illapa, was the God of Thunder and Rain. This temple was particularly important during planting seasons, as the Incas believed that the god of rain ensured a good harvest.
The Temple of K’uychi or Rainbow
This temple was dedicated to the rainbow, a symbol of fertility and the connection between the sky and the earth. K’uychi was seen as a bridge between humans and the deities, and for the Incas, the rainbow was a sign of good luck.
Intipampa
Intipampa, or the Field of the Sun, was an esplanade where open-air ceremonies were held. This space was used for sun worship rituals and served as a gathering place for leaders and the people during festivals.
The Solar Garden
The Solar Garden of Coricancha was adorned with gold figures representing plants, animals, and deities. These figures were a tribute to nature and symbolized abundance. The garden was looted by the conquistadors, but its history remains alive in local narratives.
The Fountains
Coricancha features several fountains that symbolize the importance of water in Incan life and culture. The fountains were used in purification rituals and as offerings to the deities.
Opening hours and entrance fees
The visiting hours for Coricancha are:
- Monday to Saturday: 8:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.
- Sunday: 2:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.
The entrance fee varies, so it is recommended to check for updated prices before your visit, as rates may differ for national and international tourists, as well as for students.
- Direct general admission to Coricancha: $4.00 USD
- Cusco Tourist Ticket (partial): $18.00 USD (This ticket grants access to several archaeological sites in Cusco, including Coricancha.)
With our tour, we provide all the necessary information about schedules and costs so you can plan your visit easily and without worries.
Tips for visiting Coricancha
- Arrive early: Coricancha is often crowded, especially during peak hours. Arriving early will allow you to enjoy the site with more tranquility.
- Hire a guide: To fully understand the history and symbolism of Coricancha, it is recommended to hire a local guide, who will explain each part of the temple in detail.
- Bring a camera: The views and architecture of Coricancha are spectacular, so don’t forget your camera to capture the beauty of the place.
- Wear comfortable shoes: The tour includes cobblestone areas and several uphill sections, so comfortable walking shoes are ideal.
- Use sun protection: Due to Cusco’s high altitude, solar radiation is intense. Bring sunscreen and a hat to protect yourself from the sun.
